A Comprehensive Overview
History
The history of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) in oral care began in the 1970s when NASA first discovered its synthetic form, which was later utilised to help restore teeth and bone loss in astronauts . In 1974, the Japanese company Sangi Co. Ltd. acquired the rights to this technology and launched the first n-HAP toothpaste, Apadent, in 1980 .
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Sangi developed various hydroxyapatite-based remineralizing toothpastes, and in 1993, the Japanese government officially recognized hydroxyapatite as an anti-cavity agent . By 2003, Sangi enhanced the effectiveness of n-HAP by reducing the particle size from 100 to 50 nanometers, improving its ability to penetrate enamel .
Research has shown that nano-hydroxyapatite is effective in remineralising enamel, often outperforming conventional fluoride treatments . Its applications have expanded beyond toothpaste to include various dental materials and treatments aimed at enhancing tooth strength and reducing sensitivity . Today, n-HAP is widely recognised as a key ingredient in many oral care products, particularly in Japan, where it is considered the gold standard .
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) offers several significant benefits in oral care:
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Remineralisation: Nano-HA is highly effective at remineralising initial enamel lesions, outperforming traditional fluoride treatments. It provides a natural source of calcium, which helps restore minerals and fortify teeth against decay and erosion .
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Cavity Prevention: It serves as a substitute for fluoride, particularly beneficial for individuals, such as young children, who may be sensitive to fluoride. Nano-HA helps reduce carious lesions and can even reverse early cavities .
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Tooth Sensitivity Relief: Nano-HA can alleviate tooth sensitivity by sealing exposed dentin and providing a protective layer over sensitive areas .
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Biocompatibility: As a biocompatible material, nano-HA is safe for use in oral care products, making it suitable for a wide range of patients, including those who may be at risk of fluoride toxicity .
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Support for Oral Microbiome: It contributes positively to the oral microbiome, which is essential for overall health, by promoting a balanced environment in the mouth .
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Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products—A Review - PMCThe optimal concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) for promoting remineralisation in oral care is debated. While some studies suggest that a 10% concentration may be effective, recent findings indicate that lower concentrations, such as 1-3%, can also provide significant benefits for remineralization, sensitivity reduction, and whitening, particularly when using high-quality forms like NanoXIM . Additionally, the size and shape of the nHA particles are critical factors influencing its effectiveness, rather than just the concentration alone . Therefore, while 10% nHA has been considered beneficial, it is not necessarily the only effective concentration for remineralisation .
The research indicates that while a 10% concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite is traditionally considered optimal for remineralisation, recent studies suggest that lower concentrations can also be effective, depending on the quality and characteristics of the nano-hydroxyapatite used. This suggests that the focus should be on the quality and formulation rather than just the concentration.
Uses and Benefits
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Remineralisation: nHAp is highly effective at remineralising enamel, often outperforming traditional fluoride treatments. It provides a natural source of calcium, which helps restore minerals and fortify teeth against decay and erosion.
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Cavity Prevention: It serves as a substitute for fluoride, particularly beneficial for individuals, such as young children, who may be sensitive to fluoride. nHAp helps reduce carious lesions and can even reverse early cavities.
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Tooth Sensitivity Relief: nHAp can alleviate tooth sensitivity by sealing exposed dentin and providing a protective layer over sensitive areas.
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Biocompatibility: As a biocompatible material, nHAp is safe for use in oral care products, making it suitable for a wide range of patients, including those who may be at risk of fluoride toxicity.
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Support for Oral Microbiome: It contributes positively to the oral microbiome, promoting a balanced environment in the mouth.
Optimal Concentration for Remineralisation
The optimal concentration of nHAp for remineralisation has been traditionally considered to be around 10%. However, recent studies suggest that lower concentrations, such as 1-3%, can also be effective, particularly when using high-quality forms like NanoXIM. The effectiveness of nHAp is influenced by the size and shape of the particles, not just the concentration. Therefore, while 10% nHAp has been considered beneficial, it is not necessarily the only effective concentration for remineralisation.
Conclusion
Nano Hydroxyapatite is a promising ingredient in modern oral care, providing effective alternatives to traditional fluoride treatments while enhancing dental health. Its ability to remineralise enamel, prevent cavities, and reduce sensitivity makes it a valuable component in oral care products for both consumers and dental practitioners.
