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Nano Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care

A Comprehensive Overview

History

The history of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) in oral care began in the 1970s when NASA first discovered its synthetic form, which was later utilised to help restore teeth and bone loss in astronauts . In 1974, the Japanese company Sangi Co. Ltd. acquired the rights to this technology and launched the first n-HAP toothpaste, Apadent, in 1980 .

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Sangi developed various hydroxyapatite-based remineralizing toothpastes, and in 1993, the Japanese government officially recognized hydroxyapatite as an anti-cavity agent . By 2003, Sangi enhanced the effectiveness of n-HAP by reducing the particle size from 100 to 50 nanometers, improving its ability to penetrate enamel .

Research has shown that nano-hydroxyapatite is effective in remineralising enamel, often outperforming conventional fluoride treatments . Its applications have expanded beyond toothpaste to include various dental materials and treatments aimed at enhancing tooth strength and reducing sensitivity . Today, n-HAP is widely recognised as a key ingredient in many oral care products, particularly in Japan, where it is considered the gold standard .

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) offers several significant benefits in oral care:

  1. Remineralisation: Nano-HA is highly effective at remineralising initial enamel lesions, outperforming traditional fluoride treatments. It provides a natural source of calcium, which helps restore minerals and fortify teeth against decay and erosion .

  2. Cavity Prevention: It serves as a substitute for fluoride, particularly beneficial for individuals, such as young children, who may be sensitive to fluoride. Nano-HA helps reduce carious lesions and can even reverse early cavities .

  3. Tooth Sensitivity Relief: Nano-HA can alleviate tooth sensitivity by sealing exposed dentin and providing a protective layer over sensitive areas .

  4. Biocompatibility: As a biocompatible material, nano-HA is safe for use in oral care products, making it suitable for a wide range of patients, including those who may be at risk of fluoride toxicity .

  5. Support for Oral Microbiome: It contributes positively to the oral microbiome, which is essential for overall health, by promoting a balanced environment in the mouth .

Overall, nano-hydroxyapatite is a promising ingredient in modern oral care, providing effective alternatives to traditional fluoride treatments while enhancing dental health.

The optimal concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) for promoting remineralisation in oral care is debated. While some studies suggest that a 10% concentration may be effective, recent findings indicate that lower concentrations, such as 1-3%, can also provide significant benefits for remineralization, sensitivity reduction, and whitening, particularly when using high-quality forms like NanoXIM . Additionally, the size and shape of the nHA particles are critical factors influencing its effectiveness, rather than just the concentration alone . Therefore, while 10% nHA has been considered beneficial, it is not necessarily the only effective concentration for remineralisation .

The research indicates that while a 10% concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite is traditionally considered optimal for remineralisation, recent studies suggest that lower concentrations can also be effective, depending on the quality and characteristics of the nano-hydroxyapatite used. This suggests that the focus should be on the quality and formulation rather than just the concentration. 

10% ratio of Nano Hydroxyapatite for optimal remineralisation in oral care

Uses and Benefits

  1. Remineralisation: nHAp is highly effective at remineralising enamel, often outperforming traditional fluoride treatments. It provides a natural source of calcium, which helps restore minerals and fortify teeth against decay and erosion.

  2. Cavity Prevention: It serves as a substitute for fluoride, particularly beneficial for individuals, such as young children, who may be sensitive to fluoride. nHAp helps reduce carious lesions and can even reverse early cavities.

  3. Tooth Sensitivity Relief: nHAp can alleviate tooth sensitivity by sealing exposed dentin and providing a protective layer over sensitive areas.

  4. Biocompatibility: As a biocompatible material, nHAp is safe for use in oral care products, making it suitable for a wide range of patients, including those who may be at risk of fluoride toxicity.

  5. Support for Oral Microbiome: It contributes positively to the oral microbiome, promoting a balanced environment in the mouth.

Optimal Concentration for Remineralisation

The optimal concentration of nHAp for remineralisation has been traditionally considered to be around 10%. However, recent studies suggest that lower concentrations, such as 1-3%, can also be effective, particularly when using high-quality forms like NanoXIM. The effectiveness of nHAp is influenced by the size and shape of the particles, not just the concentration. Therefore, while 10% nHAp has been considered beneficial, it is not necessarily the only effective concentration for remineralisation.

Conclusion

Nano Hydroxyapatite is a promising ingredient in modern oral care, providing effective alternatives to traditional fluoride treatments while enhancing dental health. Its ability to remineralise enamel, prevent cavities, and reduce sensitivity makes it a valuable component in oral care products for both consumers and dental practitioners.

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